Written by: Aikaterini Karagianni, Registred Clinical Massage Therapist, RMT

Updated on September 26, 2023 

When the piriformis muscle becomes tight, inflamed, or spasms, it can put pressure on the sciatic nerve, leading to a set of symptoms commonly referred to as piriformis syndrome.

Symptoms of piriformis syndrome can include:

• Pain: The most common symptom is pain in the buttocks, which can radiate down the back of the leg, often following the path of the sciatic nerve. This pain is often described as sharp, shooting, or burning.

• Numbness and tingling: Patients may experience numbness and tingling in the buttocks and down the leg.

• Muscle weakness: Some individuals may notice weakness in the affected leg.

• Difficulty sitting: Sitting for extended periods may exacerbate symptoms, and individuals with piriformis syndrome may have trouble finding a comfortable sitting position.

Piriformis syndrome can be caused by various factors, including muscle tightness or spasm, injury, overuse, or anatomical variations in the piriformis muscle and its relationship to the sciatic nerve. Diagnosis is typically made based on the patient's symptoms, physical examination, and sometimes imaging studies such as MRI or ultrasound.

Treatment options for piriformis syndrome may include:

• Rest and activity modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and allowing the muscle to heal.

• Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve muscle flexibility and reduce pain.

• Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to alleviate pain and muscle spasms.

• Heat or ice therapy: Applying heat or cold packs to the affected area can provide relief.

• Injection therapy: In some cases, corticosteroid injections into the piriformis muscle may be recommended to reduce inflammation and pain.

• Stretching exercises: Specific stretches can target the piriformis muscle and help alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve.

• Lifestyle modifications: Proper posture, ergonomic adjustments, and regular exercise can help prevent recurrence of symptoms.

If conservative treatments are ineffective, more invasive interventions such as nerve blocks or surgery may be considered as a last resort. However, these options are typically reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative measures. It's important for individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of piriformis syndrome to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Stretching

Stretching exercises can be beneficial for relieving the symptoms of piriformis syndrome by helping to relax and lengthen the piriformis muscle, reducing pressure on the sciatic nerve. Here are some stretching exercises that can be helpful for individuals with piriformis syndrome.

Perform these stretches gently and smoothly, without forcing the stretch. It's essential to listen to your body and avoid overstretching, as this can lead to injury. Regular stretching and flexibility exercises, along with any prescribed physical therapy, can help improve your flexibility and reduce the symptoms of piriformis syndrome over time. If you're unsure about which exercises are suitable for your specific condition, consult with a healthcare provider or physical therapist for personalized guidance and recommendations.